Critical Literature Review on Social Stigma and Vulnerable Groups' Access to Basic Services
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Abstract
The social stigma attached to vulnerable groups such as people with disabilities, people with mental health disorders, ethnic minorities, and individuals with low economic status has long been an obstacle to the fulfillment of their basic rights. This research aims to examine how social stigma shapes and affects vulnerable group access to health and education services. Through a literature review approach, this research explores critical thinking from various disciplines, including social representation theory, legal discrimination, and public policy dynamics. The results of the research show that social stigma is not only formed from negative views of the community, but also legitimized by regulations and institutional structures. This condition creates a cycle of inequality that is difficult to break without structural and cultural intervention efforts. Various academic references are used to strengthen the argument. This research also shows that access to education and health is not merely a technical issue, but is closely related to how the community and the state interpret a person's 'eligibility' for services. The results of this research are expected to serve as an academic and policy reference in developing an inclusive approach based on social justice and human rights.
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