Reframing Freedom of Speech and Hate Speech Prohibition in a Democratic Indonesian Legal System
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Abstract
This research analyzes the Indonesian legal system in regulating the balance between freedom of speech and protection against hate speech. Using a normative juridical approach and literature study, this research highlights the legal dilemmas that arise when freedom of expression intersects with the need to maintain public order and the honor of certain groups. The results of the study show that existing regulations, especially in the ITE Law and the Criminal Code, have not fully provided normative clarity, creating a risk of criminalization of legitimate expression. Law enforcement practices still show inconsistency and bias, especially against certain groups in society. This research concludes that the protection of hate speech must be done proportionally and through a human rights-based approach so as not to erode democratic values. The findings are expected to be a reference in the formulation of criminal legal policies that are more accountable, inclusive, and in accordance with the principles of justice.
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