Regulation of Freedom of Opinion and the Handling of Hate Speech in Indonesian Positive Law
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Abstract
This study analyzes the handling of hate speech in the Indonesian criminal justice system with a focus on the structural elements of criminal acts, the conception of hate speech, the constitutional foundation of freedom of speech, and regulatory challenges in the digital era. This normative juridical research employs statutory and conceptual approaches to examine various regulations governing hate speech and freedom of expression. The results of the study indicate that the subjective and objective elements of criminal acts provide a systematic analytical framework in handling hate speech cases. The conception of hate speech as a criminal act must be based on the offender's intent to cause detrimental influence. The constitutional foundation and regulations of freedom of speech have acknowledged necessary limitations to protect the human rights of others. Regulatory challenges in the digital era require proportional and adaptive limitations toward technological developments. This study recommends strengthening the capacity of law enforcement officials, formulating technical guidelines, conducting public outreach, and periodically evaluating regulations.
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