Social and Legal Constellations in Efforts to Protect Victims of Domestic Violence: A Sociological and Juridical Analysis
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Abstract
This study discusses the relationship between social factors, religious norms, state regulations, and the implementation of the Law on the Elimination of Domestic Violence in relation to the opportunities and obstacles to protecting victims of domestic violence in Indonesia. Analysis based on a sociological approach to law shows that domestic violence is closely related to patriarchal cultural constructs and gender-biased interpretations of religion, where the protection process is often hampered by low legal literacy, social stigma, and structural barriers at the practical level. The main findings of the literature study indicate that although a legal framework is in place, the implementation of protection for victims is still far from expectations due to suboptimal synergy between institutional actors and uneven public education. In addition to barriers to reporting, psychological and economic determinants also play a major role in delaying victims' efforts to access formal protection. The effectiveness of the protection system ultimately requires a transformation of values, increased capacity of officials and institutions, and consistent multisectoral collaboration. This study makes an important contribution in the form of a factual overview and thematic synthesis analysis that can be used as a reference for the development of policies for the protection of victims of domestic violence in a more humane and equitable manner.
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