Social Protection and Layered Support for the Welfare of Older Persons
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Abstract
Social welfare for older persons requires more than income assistance because ageing may affect functional ability, health needs, social relationships, mobility, and access to services in different ways. This article examines how policies and social support programmes can strengthen the welfare of older persons through an integrative literature review. The analysis covers income protection, basic needs, family and community support, social care, accessibility, participation, and institutional coordination. The findings indicate that effective support should be structured as a continuum rather than a uniform package. Independent older persons may require opportunities for participation and preventive support, while those with declining functional capacity may need income assistance, home-based care, nutritional support, assistive services, or residential care. Indonesian policy already provides legal and institutional foundations through older-person welfare legislation, the National Strategy for Older Persons, social rehabilitation assistance, and food-support programmes. Programme quality should be assessed through accessibility, targeting, continuity, recipient preferences, functional outcomes, and coordination across services. A rights-based and needs-sensitive approach can support independence, social participation, and dignity throughout later life.
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