Government and Private Sector Responsibility for Public Health in Large Infrastructure Development: A Review of the Legal Framework and Accountability Mechanisms in Indonesia
Isi Artikel Utama
Abstrak
Large-scale infrastructure development presents a paradox between economic stimulus and potential threats to public health. This normative legal study aims to analyse the framework for the division of responsibilities between the government and the private sector, as well as the mechanisms for legal accountability and redress for victims of health impacts in Indonesia. The study was conducted through an analysis of relevant legislation, including the 1945 Constitution, the Health Act, the Environmental Act, the Construction Services Act, and provisions of civil and criminal law. The research findings indicate that Indonesia’s legal framework has established a complementary liability system. The government functions as a regulator and supervisor, whilst the private sector bears operational obligations for prevention and mitigation. Liability mechanisms are available through three channels: administrative, civil (including class actions), and criminal, with the 2023 Health Law serving as a catalyst for integrating health into development policies. Remedial measures are designed not only to provide financial compensation but also to include health services and environmental rehabilitation. The success of this system depends heavily on law enforcement capacity, inter-agency coordination, and the business sector’s commitment to moving beyond formal compliance towards substantive responsibility. This study provides a comprehensive regulatory map and identifies the need for institutional capacity building and access to justice for affected communities.
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Referensi
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