Legal Protection for Patients Due to Violation of Autonomy Principle in Healthcare Services
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Abstract
This study examines violations of the principle of patient autonomy in medical practice and criminal liability for acts carried out without consent within the Indonesian legal system. The research method employed is normative, utilising a legislative, conceptual and comparative approach to the common law system. The research findings indicate that the principles of legality and criminal liability form the basis for the imposition of sanctions; however, positive criminal law has not yet defined the violation of patient autonomy as a standalone offence. The capacity to be held responsible and the conditions for exemption from criminal liability are determining factors in the prosecution of perpetrators. The principle of patient autonomy, grounded in justice and beneficence, requires that every medical intervention must be based on valid consent. The common law system classifies acts carried out without consent as a form of assault that is punishable by law. This study recommends reforming health-related criminal law by establishing a prohibition against medical procedures carried out without the patient’s consent, in order to ensure legal certainty and the protection of patients’ human rights.
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