Legal Protection and the Position of Minors in Electronic Contracts

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Published: 2025-07-10
Keywords:
Electronic contracts, Child protection, Legal capacity, Dispute resolution, Consumer protection

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Yudo Baskoro
Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya, Indonesia
Dharma Setiawan Negara
Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya, Indonesia
Rafadi Khan Khayru
Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract

The massive shift of economic activity toward the digital environment presents substantial challenges regarding the involvement of minors as transaction actors. The glaring gap between the ideal validity requirements of agreements and the reality of children's participation triggers a high vulnerability in civil law protection. This paper aims to formulate the validity status of electronic consent by immature subjects along with its legal consequences, and to map relevant dispute resolution mechanisms. This normative legal research utilizes statutory and conceptual approaches to analyze these various issues. The results of the analysis indicate that electronic transactions by children completely fail to fulfill the subjective competency requirement, thereby rendering such agreements voidable. The ambiguity of regulations concerning the age of majority in Indonesia exacerbates legal certainty for child consumers. In the event of a commercial dispute, children absolutely require the representation of a legal guardian to claim the restoration of rights through the judiciary or alternative resolution. The implications of these findings emphasize the urgency of harmonizing age limit regulations to ensure the security of children's transactions.

Article Details

Issue

Vol. 5 No. 2 (2025): Journal of Social Science Studies (JOS3)

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Baskoro, Y., Negara, D. S., & Khayru, R. K. (2025). Legal Protection and the Position of Minors in Electronic Contracts. Journal of Social Science Studies, 5(2), 209-220. https://jos3journals.id/index.php/jos3/article/view/453

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