The Influence of Concern for Clean Water on Participation in Sanitation Programs with Household Income as a Moderator
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Abstract
This study aims to examine the influence of concern for clean water on participation in sanitation programs with household income as a moderator among urban communities. A quantitative approach with an explanatory survey design was employed. The study is grounded in environmental behavior theory and community participation frameworks, which explain that individual concern for natural resources and socioeconomic conditions influence engagement in collective sanitation initiatives. The sample consisted of 100 residents selected using purposive sampling with consideration of variation in household income levels. Data were collected using a Likert scale questionnaire adapted from established indicators of environmental concern, sanitation participation, and household income. Analysis was conducted using Moderated Regression Analysis with SPSS PROCESS Macro Model 1. The results showed that concern for clean water has a positive and significant influence on participation in sanitation programs. Household income significantly moderates the relationship between concern for clean water and sanitation program participation, where higher income levels strengthen the positive influence of environmental concern on participation behavior. This study confirms that socioeconomic factors should be considered in designing community-based sanitation programs.
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