Organisational Support as a Determinant of Job Satisfaction and Employee Engagement
Main Article Content
Abstract
Perceived organizational support represents employees’ general belief that their organization values their contributions and cares about their well-being. This article examines organizational support as a central determinant of job satisfaction and employee engagement. An integrative literature review synthesizes research on organizational support theory, job satisfaction, engagement, employee well-being, leadership, work-life balance, learning, technology, and employment stability. The findings indicate that job satisfaction develops when organizational support is experienced through fair appraisal, ethical leadership, favorable working conditions, employee well-being, flexibility, and development opportunities. Employee engagement requires additional resources that enable employees to invest their physical, cognitive, and emotional capacities in work, including technological access, learning opportunities, collaboration, participation, and reasonable employment security. Job satisfaction and engagement are related but conceptually distinct outcomes. Employees may be satisfied without becoming deeply engaged, while sustained engagement is difficult when organizational treatment remains unsatisfactory. Consistent organizational support therefore connects positive evaluations of work with employees’ willingness to devote greater energy and attention to their roles.
Article Details
Section
How to Cite
References
Al Hakim, Y. R., & Irfan, M. (2024). Relational Dynamics Shaping Job Satisfaction Among Employees in Startup Organizational Settings. Journal of Social Science Studies, 4(1), 331-3n38.
Arifin, S., & Darmawan, D. (2021). Technology Access and Digital Skills: Bridging The Gaps in Education and Employment Opportunities in The Age of Technology 4.0. Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(1), 163–168.
Arifin, S., & Mardikaningsih, R. (2021). The Effect of Employability, and Organizational Climate on Employee Performance. Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia, 1(2), 33–42.
Arifin, S., Darmawan, D., Hartanto, C. F. B. ., & Rahman, A. (2022). Human Resources based on Total Quality Management. Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(1), 17-20.
Arifin, S., Irfan, M., & Darmawan, D. (2021). How to Establish Work-Life Balance to Enhance Employee Job Satisfaction. Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(2), 21–24.
Barzani, L. A., Darmawan, D., & Zulkarnain, M. A. B. (2022). The Application of Sustainable Supply Chain Management Principles in the Manufacturing Industry to Improve Operational Performance and Corporate Social Responsibility. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 1(1), 38–45.
Beier, M. E., Torres, W. J., & Beal, D. J. (2020). Workplace Aging and Jobs in The Twenty-First Century. 13–32.
Chasanah, U., & Mardikaningsih, R. (2023). Optimizing Employee Performance: The Role of Human Resource Management. Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia, 3(1), 1-12
Conway, E. (2015). Perceived Organizational Support. 1–2.
da Silva, B. dos S., & Darmawan, D. (2023). Integration of Management Information Systems (MIS) in Strategic Decision Making to Improve Organization Performance. Journal of Social Science Studies, 3(2), 347-352.
Darmawan, D. (2020). Health, Well-Being, and Productivity of Senior Employees in The Era of Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Science, Technology and Society, 1(2), 43–50.
Darmawan, D. (2021). Implementation Of Agile Project Management in A Dynamic Business Environment. Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(1), 275–280.
Darmawan, D. (2021). Objective Vagueness, Appraisal Bias, And Lack of Employee Involvement in Performance Appraisal and Job Satisfaction in Organizations. Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(1), 117–122.
Darmawan, D. (2023). Innovation Culture That Balances Technological Speed with the Depth of Humanistic Thought. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 4(1), 47–54.
Darmawan, D. (2023). Job Design Changes Due to Automation and Consequences for Human Resource Management Practices. Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia, 3(1), 343-366.
Darmawan, D. (2023). Knowledge Management as a Source Of Competitive Advantage in Information Technology Companies. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 3(2), 44–50.
Darmawan, D. (2023). Measuring Employee Productivity in the Digital Era by Considering Human Creativity and Innovation. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 4(3), 47–53.
Darmawan, D. (2023). Social Inclusion for Older Workers in the Implementation of Digital Technology within Organizations. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 4(2), 44–51.
Darmawan, D. (2023). The Concept Of Remote Work: A Literature Review on its Impact on Work Dynamics, Psychological Well-Being, and Social Relationships Among Employees. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 3(3), 49–55.
Darmawan, D. (2024). Application of Situational Leadership in Decision Making in Dynamic Organizations. Journal of Social Science Studies, 4(1), 499-504.
Darmawan, D. (2024). Distribution of Six Major Factors Enhancing Organizational Effectiveness. Journal of Distribution Science, 22(4), 47–58.
Darmawan, D. (2024). From Individual Minds to Collective Decisions: The Function and Contribution of Cognitive Mapping, Journal of Social Science Studies, 4(2), 467-476.
Darmawan, D. (2024). Strategies for Enhancing Employee Knowledge fnd Engagement in Automated Routine Work. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 6(1), 65–71.
Darmawan, D. (2024). Strategies for Enhancing Employee Knowledge fnd Engagement in Automated Routine Work. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 6(1), 65–71.
Darmawan, D. (2024). The Influence of Empowering Leadership Style on Enhancing Team Members’ Autonomy and Innovation Capacity. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 6(3), 48–55. https://ejournalisse.com/index.php/isse/article/view/232
Darmawan, D. (2024). The Role of Technology in Promoting or Hindering Gender Equality in the Workplace. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 6(2), 67–73.
Darmawan, D. (2024). Workforce Diversity Management Strategies for Enhancing Innovation and Team Performance. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 5(2), 53–59. https://ejournalisse.com/index.php/isse/article/view/230
Darmawan, D., & Mardikaningsih , R. (2023). The Role of Flexible Organizational Structures in Enhancing Corporate Adaptability to Environmental Dynamics. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 3(1), 44–49.
Darmawan, D., & Mardikaningsih, R. (2022). The Role of Positive Psychological Factors in Enhancing Employee Engagement and Commitment to Work Tasks. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 1(2), 37–45.
Darmawan, D., & Mardikaningsih, R. (2023). Measuring Motivation and Performance of Older Workers for Sustainable Organizational Contribution. Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia, 3(2), 167-196.
Darmawan, D., Chairunnas, A., Safaruddin, S., Supitriyani, S., Tahir, M., & Kemarauwana, M. (2021). Motivation and Role on Employee Performance with the Work Environment as a Moderating Variable. Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia, 1(1), 29-40
Darmawan, D., Mardikaningsih, R., Sinambela, E. A., Arifin, S., Putra, A. R., Hariani, M., Irfan, M., Al Hakim, Y. R., & Issalillah, F. (2020). The Quality of Human Resources, Job Performance and Employee Loyalty. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(3), 2580–2592.
Darmawan, D., Mendonca, C. N., & Isaac, A. de J. (2022). Managing Corporate Reputation in the Digital Age: Challenges and Solutions for Maintaining a Positive Image on Social Media. Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(1), 283-288.
Eddine, B. A. S., & Darmawan, D. (2022). The Gamification Approach to Employee Training to Increase Engagement and Learning Effectiveness in Organizations. Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(1), 201-206.
Eddine, B. A. S., Darmawan, D., Mardikaningsih, R., & Sinambela, E. A. (2023). The Effect of Knowledge Management and Quality of Work Life on Employee Commitment. Journal of Human Sciences, 10(1), 87–100.
Eddine, B. A. S., Ishaq, M. S. H. B., Darmawan, D., & Ali, R. (2021). Employee Well-Being and Performance Evaluation: Integrating Quality of Work Life in HR management. Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(2), 97–104.
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived Organizational Support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507.
Essa, N. E., & Mardikaningsih, R. (2024). Green Training and Development for Shaping Employee Environmental Behavior in Organizations. Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia, 4(1), 305-336.
Fajar, A. S. M., Khayru, R. K., & Rojak, J. A. (2025). Building Support Staff Loyalty through Work Morality and Higher Education Sustainability. Journal of Social Science Studies, 5(1), 283-292. https://jos3journals.id/index.php/jos3/article/view/440
Fared, M. A., & Darmawan, D. (2021). Design and Implementation of Cross-Functional Training to Improve Team Collaboration. Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(1), 215–220.
Gani, A., & Darmawan, D. (2023). Human Resource Readiness for Generation Alpha Entering Digital Workplaces. Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia, 3(1), 185-210.
Gardi, B., & Darmawan, D. (2024). Supply Chain Management Optimization with IoT and Blockchain Technology to Increase Efficiency and Transparency. Journal of Social Science Studies, 4(2), 31-36.
Gardi, B., Ali, R., & Darmawan, D. (2024). Implementing Situational Leadership to Improve Team Performance in Multicultural Organizations. Journal of Social Science Studies, 4(1), 61-66.
Gautama, E. C., Mardikaningsih, R., Wisnujati, N. S., & Cruz, C. da. (2021). The Relationship between Employee Welfare and Public Organization Performance in Community Services. Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(2), 197-202.
Grant, M. J., & Booth, A. (2009). A Typology of Reviews: an Analysis Of 14 Review Types and Associated Methodologies. Health Information & Libraries Journal, 26(2), 91–108.
Guidetti, G., Converso, D., Loera, B., & Viotti, S. (2018). Concerns About Change and Employee Wellbeing: The Moderating Role of Social Support. Journal of Workplace Learning, 30(3), 216–228.
Hambodo, T., & Darmawan, D. (2024). Regulatory Gaps and Legal Protection for Flexible Workers in the Digital Platform Economy. Journal of Social Science Studies, 4(2), 277-290.
Hariani, M., & Mardikaningsih, R. (2021). Implementation of Value-Based Management in Multinational Organizations Facing Cultural Differences. Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(1), 67-72.
Hariani, M., & Mardikaningsih, R. (2023). Work-life Balance and Worker Well-being through Family Support. Journal of Social Science Studies, 3(1), 9-14.
Hariani, M., Aisyah, N., & da Cruz, C. (2023). Building a Work Environment that Supports Employee Engagement Through Effective Use of Social Media. Journal of Social Science Studies, 3(1), 65-68.
Hariani, M., Mardikaningsih, R., & Essa, N. E. (2022). HR and Environmental Policy Management Strategies to Create a Sustainable Organization that Improves Company Performance. Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(2), 249-254.
Hariani, M., Mardikaningsih, R., Darmawan, D., & Irfan, M. (2021). Strategies for Developing Perceived Support for Employees in Diverse Work Environments. Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(2), 81-88.
Hong, Y., Ford, M. T., Song, X., Lee, J. H., & Cao, Y. (2023). Intent Attributions for Work-Family Support Policies, Policy Use, and Employee Attitudes. Proceedings - Academy of Management, 2023(1).
Irfan, M., & Darmawan, D. (2021). Improving Psychological Wellbeing Through Emotion Management in Daily Life. Journal Of Social Science Studies, 1(1), 179–184.
Irfan, M., & Hariani, M. (2022). The Effect of Work Environment and Workload on Employee Satisfaction. Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia, 2(2), 11-18.
Irfan, M., Al-Hakim, Y. R., & Sigita, D. S. (2024). Personal Values and Job Satisfaction: A Qualitative Perspective on Employee Performance in the Education Sector. Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society, 3(3), 1–6.
Irfan, M., Sigita, D. S., & Hariani, M. (2023). Optimizing Employee Performance through Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction: A Case Study in a Surabaya-based Company. Bulletin of Science, Technology and Society, 2(1), 12–15
Ishaq, M. S. H. B., Darmawan, D., & Sudjai. (2021). Gig Economy on Workers’ Welfare and Labor Market Stability. Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(2), 167–170.
Issa, L., Alkhatib, M., Albadarneh, A., & Qusef, A. (2019). Employee Retention in Agile Project Management. International Conference on Information and Communication Systems (ICICS), 160-165.
Issalillah, F. (2025). Older Workforce Management Policies and Degenerative Disease Risks in Labor Intensive Industries. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 7(3), 53–62. https://ejournalisse.com/index.php/isse/article/view/243
Issalillah, F., & Hardyansah, R. (2022). The Impact of the Digital Divide and Misinformation on Partici-pation and Trust in Local Communities. Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(2), 7-12.
Issalillah, F., & Khayru, R. K. (2025). Mental Health Policies and Programs in Building Long Term Employee Loyalty. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 7(2), 39–47. https://ejournalisse.com/index.php/isse/article/view/239
Jibai, S., & Hammoud, K. (2020). Individual Performance Assessment Within Contemporary Organizations. A Review Oof Transformational Systems for Employee Evaluation. 10(2), 51–62.
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work. Academy of Management Journal, 33(4), 692–724.
Khairi, M., & Darmawan, D. (2022). Developing HR Capabilities in Data Analysis for More Effective Decision Making in Organizations. Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(1), 223-228.
Khayru, R. K. (2024). Legal Mechanisms in Handling Work Relationship Tensions in Modern Organizational Environments. Journal of Social Science Studies, 4(2), 137-144.
Khayru, R. K., & Arifin, S. (2025). Corporate Efforts and Strategies in Fulfilling Responsibility for Employee Mental Health in the Era of Digital Productivity Pressure . International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 7(1), 44–52. https://ejournalisse.com/index.php/isse/article/view/235
Khayru, R. K., Darmawan, D., Issalillah, F., & Mardikaningsih, R. (2025). Environmental Concern and Cleanliness Participation: The Moderating Effect of Employment Status on Urban Residents. Journal of Social Science Studies, 5(1), 77-84. https://jos3journals.id/index.php/jos3/article/view/402
Kodden, B. (2020). Nurturing Employee Vigor: Implications for Sustainable Performance. In The Art of Sustainable Performance: A Model for Recruiting, Selection, and Professional Development, 47–53.
Kokkina, D., Magoutas, A., & Chountalas, P. (2018). The Conceptualization of Employee Engagement and Its Distinction from Related Constructs. Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Management, Economics and Humanities (ICMEH), 124-133.
Kurniawan, Y., & Darmawan, D. (2021). The Adaptive Learning Effect on Individual and Collective Learning. Journal Of Social Science Studies, 1(1), 93–98.
Kurniawan, Y., Rojak, J. A., Darmawan, D., & Fajar, A. S. M. (2021). Exploration of Literary Works as Media to Form and Maintain National Identity through Narratives and Cultural Symbols. Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(2), 187-192.
Kurtessis, J. N., Eisenberger, R., Ford, M. T., Buffardi, L. C., Stewart, K. A., & Adis, C. S. (2017). Perceived Organizational Support: A Meta-Analytic Evaluation of Organizational Support Theory. Journal of Management, 43(6), 1854–1884.
Lahat, L., & Ofek, D. (2022). Emotional Well-Being Among Public Employees: A Comparative Perspective. Review of Public Personnel Administration, 42(1), 31-59.
Mardikaningsih, R., & Darmawan, D. (2021). Business Sustainability Strategies in The Facing of Regulatory Uncertainty and Managerial Challenges. Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(2), 111–118.
Mardikaningsih, R., & Darmawan, D. (2022). Design and Implementation of Communication Strategy in Change Management. Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(2), 237-242.
Mardikaningsih, R., & Darmawan, D. (2022). Digital Human Resource Practices in Remote Work Systems. Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia, 2(1), 357-388.
Mardikaningsih, R., & Darmawan, D. (2022). Ethical Principles in Business Decision Making: Implications for Corporate Sustainability and Relationships with External Stakeholders. Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(2), 131-138.
Mardikaningsih, R., & Darmawan, D. (2022). The Role of Self-Efficacy in Predicting Employee Adaptability to Technological Change in the Workplace,. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 2(3), 43–55.
Mardikaningsih, R., & Hariani, M. (2022). Integrating Diversity and Sustainability in Organizations: How to Impact Performance, Corporate Competitiveness, and the Creation of Inclusive Work Environments. Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(2), 77-84.
Mardikaningsih, R., & Hariani, M. (2023). Technology Strategy in Product Development for Sustainable Innovation in Global Markets. Journal of Social Science Studies, 3(2), 71-76.
Mardikaningsih, R., & Hariani, M. (2025). The Implementation of Distributive Justice in Allocating Efficiency Gains Generated by Technology. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 7(3), 45–52. https://ejournalisse.com/index.php/isse/article/view/242
Mardikaningsih, R., & Nuraini, R. (2022). Implementation of Circular Economy Principles for Sustainable Waste Management in the Industrial Sector. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 1(3), 41–47.
Mardikaningsih, R., Halizah, S. N., Darmawan, D., Masithoh, N., & Nuraini, R. (2022). Examining the Role of Authentic Leadership in Shaping Positive Work Climate and Organizational Citizenship Behavior. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 2(1), 52–59.
Mardikaningsih, R., Halizah, S. N., Hariani, M., Darmawan, D., & Nuraini, R. (2025). Performance Feedback Accuracy Decline and Delay in Hybrid Work Arrangements. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 7(1), 53–62. https://ejournalisse.com/index.php/isse/article/view/236
Mardikaningsih, R., Halizah, S. N., Nuraini, R., & Darmawan, D. (2022). The Role of Ethical Leadership in Shaping a Positive and Sustainable Organizational Culture. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 2(2), 48–55.
Mardikaningsih, R., Hariani, M., Darmawan, D., Halizah, S. N., & Nuraini, R. (2024). The Impact of Digital Monitoring on Employee Work Autonomy and Professional Responsibility. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 5(3), 60–67. https://ejournalisse.com/index.php/isse/article/view/231
Mardikaningsih, R., Hariani, M., Issalillah, F., & Nuraini, R. (2024). Organizational Innovation Strategies as Drivers of Business Resilience and Competitiveness in the Global Environment. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 6(3), 56–65. https://ejournalisse.com/index.php/isse/article/view/233
Marsal, A. P., & Darmawan, D. (2022). Communication Strategies in Managing Conflict in Multicultural Teams. Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(2), 285-290.
Mishra, A., & Biswal, S. (2024). Employee Engagement: A Key to Improve Performance. Research Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 15(1), 12-18.
Mori, K., Adi, N. P., Odagami, K., & Nagata, T. (2024). Bridging Perceived Organizational Support with Learning Motivation and Work Engagement: The Mediating Role of Focus on Opportunity. Journal of Occupational Health, 6(1)
Navya, N. (2024). A Study on Quality of Work Life. International Journal of Progressive Research in Engineering Management and Science, 4(6), 1550-1554.
Nuraini, R., Wulandari, & Halizah, S. N. (2021). Conflict Management Strategies in the Workplace for Harmonious and Productive Work Environment. Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(2), 143-148.
Oluwatoyin, F., & Mardikaningsih, R. (2022). Community Adaptation Strategy to Climate Change Based on Socio-Cultural Perspective. Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(1), 167-172.
Özkaya, Z. N., Ismail, A. B., & Mardikaningsih, R. (2023). The Managing Role in Creating Cultures of Innovation and Team Creativity. Journal of Social Science Studies, 3(1), 153-158.
Pires, M. L. (2021). The Impact of Supervisor Support on Employee-Related Outcomes Through Work Engagement. In Eurasian Business Perspectives: Proceedings of the 29th Eurasia Business and Economics Society Conference, 3–18.
Pluta, A. (2023). Shaping a Culture of Learning from Errors in the Organization-Analysis of Opportunities and Threats. Przegląd Organizacji, (3), 272-280.
Prentice, S. B. (2022). Job Satisfaction or Employee Engagement: Regardless of Which Comes First, Supportive Leadership Improves Them Both. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 24(4), 275–285.
Putra, A. R., & Arifin, S. (2021). Supply Chain Management Optimization in the Manufacturing Industry through Digital Transformation: The Role of Big Data, Artificial Intelligence, and the Internet of Things. Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(2), 161-166.
Putra, A. R., Arifin, S., & Darmawan , D. (2024). Gamification-Based Learning that Preserves Cooperation and Empathy Among Employees. International Journal of Service Science, Management, Engineering, and Technology, 5(1), 43–50. https://ejournalisse.com/index.php/isse/article/view/229
Putra, A. R., Darmawan, D., & Arifin, S. (2022). Employee Experience in the Digital Workplace: A Human Resource Management Perspective. Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia, 2(2), 361-384.
Putra, A. R., Mardikaningsih, R., & Darmawan, D. (2021). Organisational Social Capital and Team Collaboration as Supports for Total Quality Management. Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia, 1(1), 129-146.
Radjawane, L. E., & Mardikaningsih, R. (2022). Building Ethical and Fair Technology: Approaches to Responsible Technology Development and Application. Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(1), 189-194.
Rahayu, A., Halizah, S. N., & Mardikaningsih, R. (2024). Law on the Resolution of Minority Shareholder Conflicts in Public Companies Based on the National Regulatory System. Journal of Social Science Studies, 4(1), 237-248.
Rai, M., & Yadav, I. (2022). Redefining employee engagement and its significance. International Journal of Health Sciences (IJHS).
Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived Organizational Support: A Review of The Literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698–714.
Rich, B. L., LePine, J. A., & Crawford, E. R. (2010). Job Engagement: Antecedents ad Effects on Job Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 53(3), 617–635.
Riggle, R. J., Edmondson, D. R., & Hansen, J. D. (2009). A Meta-Analysis of The Relationship Between Perceived Organizational Support and Job Outcomes: 20 Years of Research. Journal of Business Research, 62(10), 1027–1030.
Rohmawati, R., & Mardikaningsih, R. (2023). Engineering the Digital Precariat: Architectures of Instability and Algorithmic Control in the Platform Economy. Journal of Social Science Studies, 3(2), 295-304.
Rojak, J. A., & Darmawan, D. (2021). Ethical Leadership and Social Responsibility in Organisational Managerial Practice. Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia, 1(2), 187-204.
Rojak, J. A., & Darmawan, D. (2023). Improving Employee Engagement and Team Development through the Implementation of Flexible and Adaptive Situational Leadership. Journal of Social Science Studies, 3(1), 369-374.
Rojak, J. A., Darmawan, D., & Khayru, R. K. (2022). Transformational Leadership as an Agent of Social Change in Organizational Value Systems. Studi Ilmu Sosial Indonesia, 2(1), 191-212.
Sajjapong, T., & Irfan, M. (2022). Understanding Communication Practices for Managing Global Teams Across Diverse Cultural Frameworks. Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(2), 267-272.
Saks, A. M. (2006). Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21(7), 600–619.
Salmah, E., Astuti, E., & Harsono, I. (2024). Employee Engagement in The Gig Economy. Management Studies and Business Journal (PRODUCTIVITY), 1(1), 116-122.
Sarker, S., Ahuja, M., Sarker, S., & Bullock, K. M. (2021). Mobile Technologies and Work–Life Conflict. 117–142.
Seema, D. (2022). Influence of Job Satisfaction on Work Performance. Asian Journal of Management and Commerce, 3(2), 203–204.
Silva, B. dos S. da, Darmawan, D., & Gardi, B. (2022). A Systematic Approach to Risk Management to Enhance Infor-mation Technology Project Success in a Dynamic Business Envi-ronment. Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(2), 213-218.
Sinambela, E. A. (2023). Integration of Change Management and Technology Strategy in Digital Transformation. Journal of Social Science Studies, 3(1), 375-380.
Sinambela, E. A., & Ernawati. (2021). Analysis of the Role of Experience, Ability and Motivation on Employee Performance. Journal of Social Science Studies, 1(2), 69-74.
Singh, A. (2016). Factors Influencing Job Satisfaction. International Journal of Research in IT and Management, 6(3), 185–190.
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature Review as A Research Methodology: An Overview and Guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339.
Whittemore, R., & Knafl, K. (2005). The Integrative Review: Updated Methodology. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 52(5), 546–553.
Wyatt-Johnson, C., Johnson, R. W., & Kohler, J. (2024). Motivation and Workplace Incentives. 111–119.
Yuwono, S. (2021). Organizational Support and Job Satisfaction: Meta-Analysis Study. Indigenous: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 6(3), 12–22.
Zhang, X. (2024). Organizational Support’s Impact on Well-being and Engagement of Post-90s Workers. Deleted Journal, 1(3), 11–22.